Lithium - Debunked!

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Lithium has been proposed by some authors as a potentially essential trace element; however, classical criteria for essentiality have not yet been fulfilled. Specifically, no clearly defined deficiency syndrome has been established, no validated biomarker of lithium deficiency exists, and no authoritative body (e.g., EFSA or D-A-CH) has issued an official reference intake.
Available ecological studies reporting associations between naturally occurring lithium levels (e.g., in drinking water) and health outcomes are correlational in nature and do not establish causality. While such findings may justify further investigation, they do not in themselves demonstrate essentiality.
Typical dietary lithium intake in Central Europe is generally estimated to lie in the microgram range (approximately 20–60 µg/day), depending on regional water composition and dietary patterns. Even with regular fish and seafood in their diets (coastal regions), daily uptakes would not exceed est. 120 µg/day. In contrast, a supplemental intake of 1 mg (1000 µg)/day represents an exposure substantially exceeding customary nutritional levels.
Under these circumstances, characterizing a 1 mg daily intake as a correction of a demonstrated nutritional deficiency is not currently supported by established criteria of nutritional science. If such "low-dose" lithium exerts biological effects, such use would more appropriately be described as a targeted intervention rather than classical nutrient substitution.

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Published January 2026